Soak beans in salted water for 8 to 24 hours. Drain and rinse.
Cook bacon in a Dutch oven until browned, 5 to 8 minutes.
Add onion, bell pepper, and celery. Cook until softened, 6 to 7 minutes.
Stir in garlic, thyme, paprika, bay leaves, cayenne, and black pepper. Cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Add beans, broth, and water. Bring to a boil, then simmer until beans are just tender and liquid thickens, 45 to 60 minutes.
Stir in sausage and vinegar. Cook until beans are fully tender and sauce is creamy, about 30 minutes.
Season to taste with salt, pepper, and more vinegar if needed.
Serve over rice topped with scallions. Offer hot sauce on the side.